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Virginia Standards of Learning Glossary
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Glossary
Adjacent sides:
Two sides
of a polygon that intersect at a vertex. Complementary angles: Two angles, the sum of whose measures is ninety degrees. [5]
Concept
attainment:
The
process of creating categories by grouping similar objects and
ideas…and by finding those attributes that are absolutely essential to
the meaning and disregarding those that are not.
The adult’s role in the child’s concept attainment process is
to provide an enriched, idea-filled environment so that many examples of
many concepts are encountered, and information and feedback regarding
the accuracy of the concept definitions are given. [1] Conclusion:
In a conditional statement, it
follows after “Then”; symbolically, it is the q Contrapositive: A type of conditional statement; if a conditional is p ® q, then its contrapositive is ~q ® ~p.
Congruent triangles:
Triangles
whose vertices can be matched in such a way that the corresponding parts
of the triangles are congruent. Congruent
figures have the same shape and size. [5]
Geometric mean:
For any two positive numbers a and b, the geometric mean of a and b is
the positive number x such that
Hypotenuse-Leg Theorem (HL): If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and leg of another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent. [5] Hypothesis: In a conditional statement, it follows after “If”; symbolically, it is the p. Implication: See conditional Inscribed angle: An angle whose vertex is on a circle an whose sides are chords of the circle. Inverse: A type of conditional; if a conditional is p ® q, then its inverse is ~p ® ~q.
Isometric
drawing:
A drawing of a 3-dimensional object that shows a corner view of the figure.
[2]
Isosceles
right triangles: A triangle with a right angle.
The right angle is included between two legs of equal length. [5] Opposite angles: Two angles of a polygon that are opposite of each other.
Opposite sides:
Two sides of a polygon that are
opposites of each other.
Pythagorean
Theorem:
In a right triangle, the square of the measure of the
hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the measures of the two
legs. [5]
Regular
polygon:
A polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular.
[3]
Regular
tessellation: A
tessellation in which each shape is a regular polygon and all the shapes are congruent.
[4]
Similarity Ratio:
The ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides of a triangle. [5]
Supplementary
Angles: Two angles, the sum of whose measure is one hundred
and eighty degrees. [5] Trapezoid: A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
Tessellation:
A tessellation, or tiling, is a repeating pattern of figures that
completely Venn Diagram: A diagram that uses circles to represent sets and their relationship.
Vertical
Angles: Two nonadjacent angles formed by two intersecting
lines. [5]
[1] Gunter, Mary Alice, et al. (1999). Instruction: A Models Approach. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon. [2] Bass, Laurie E., et al. (1998). Geometry: Tools for a Changing World. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. [3] Cord Geometry: Mathematics in Context. (1999). Ohio: South-Western Educational Publishing. [4] Cord Geometry: Mathematics in Context. (1999). Ohio: South-Western Educational Publishing. [5] Sobel, M.A., Maletsky, E.M., Golden, N., Lerner, N., & Choen, L.S. (1990). Geometry. Missions Hills, CA: Glencoe Publishing Company. [6] Cord Geometry: Mathematics in Context. (1999). New York: South Western Educational Publishing. [7] Random House Webster’s College Dictionary. (1997). New York: Random House, Inc. |
